Por Aaron Cortes126Comentarios

El Proceso administrativo es una herramienta de mis favoritas, aunque es antigua, considero que es una herramienta básica para cualquier emprendedor o empresario.

Regresando un poco a la historia, el proceso administrativo fue creado por el Francés Henri Fayol en 1916 y lo creó con fines de mejorar los procesos industriales de esa época, sin embargo aplica perfectamente a cualquier proyecto de emprendimiento o empresa.

El proceso administrativo consta de 4 pasos, que si los seguimos al pie de la letra podremos montar una empresa o mejorar  la nuestra en caso de que ya la tengamos.

Los 4 pasos son:

  1. Planeación
  2. Organización
  3. Dirección
  4. Control

Ya he hablado de algunos en otros artículos que he hecho, pero ahora analizar el proceso completo nos puede dar mucho orden y sobre todo un norte de hacia donde queremos ir con nuestro proyecto o nuestra empresa.

Planeación

En esta fase lo primero que debes hacer es preguntarte ¿Que quiero lograr? lo mejor es visualizarte logrando la meta y después vamos a desglosar cada una de las etapas y acciones que debemos completar para llegar a nuestra meta.

En esta etapa les recomiendo usar un diagrama de Gantt, donde podrán extenderse al nivel de detalle que sea necesario con tal de lograr su objetivo. Esta es una gran herramienta y fácil de llevar a cabo en un Excel.

En la planeación es importante determinar fechas de cumplimiento y los recursos necesarios para lograrlo.

Normalmente no le dedicamos tiempo a la planeación, nuestras energías por hacer las cosas nos impiden planear o simplemente el decidir no hacerlo. Según datos el instituto del fracaso (www.thefailureinstitute.com) el no planear representa una de las 5 causas más frecuentes del fracaso de una empresa.

Para planear te recomiendo que le dediques el tiempo necesario, incluso un lugar diferente y un espació sin interrupciones, dedícate a plasmar lo que quieres lograr, pero sobre todo a desmenuza cada meta en esos pequeños pasos, escríbelos y ponle fecha de cumplimiento y responsable.

Organización

Una vez que aterrizamos la planeación, es decir todas las actividades y recursos necesarios debemos comenzar a organizar a nuestro equipo. En esta etapa lo importante es saber quien va a ser responsable de que área de la planeación o la empresa y como rendirá cuentas.

En la organización de tu empresa o proyecto siempre es importante irnos a los básicos, incluso si es un proyecto que aún no arranca mi recomendación es que lo separen en las 3 áreas básicas de la empresa: Administración, Operaciones y Comercialización.

Todo el plan de trabajo elaborado en la fase anterior se le puede categorizar en una de esas áreas y con esto determinar quien será el responsable.

Parte importante de esta organización es controlar y administrar los recursos, ya que normalmente son finitos y es importante priorizar.

Dirección

Ya planeamos y organizamos nuestras actividades y responsabilidades para lograr los objetivos, ahora nos toca dirigir el proyecto. No nos confundamos en que dirigir es simplemente dar ordenes, muchas veces como emprendedores cometemos ese error, queremos sentarnos en la oficina principal y esperar a que las cosas sucedan, es no va a pasar.

Dirección es simplemente estar al frente del proyecto dando seguimiento a lo establecido, como dice Robin Sharma “Has tu plan y sigue tu plan”. Además es alentar a nuestro equipo al logro de objetivos y como líderes es apoyarlos a lograr esos objetivos.

Si tu eres el director de tu proyecto o el director de tu propia empresa, debes saber que lo primero que un buen líder hace es poner el ejemplo, no se puede predicar una cosa y hacer todo lo contrario, eso tu equipo lo percibe, por lo que en la dirección de tu proyecto o empresa debes poner el ejemplo hacia las metas y resultados que esperas de tus colaboradores o socios.

Control

Es la revisión de nuestro plan y de nuestros objetivos, debemos establecer checkpoints a lo largo del camino, donde analizamos hacia atrás y hacia adelante como es que vamos. Retroalimentarnos todos y saber si vamos por el lado correcto o debemos cambiar de dirección.

También el control se trata de la rendición de cuentas del equipo y esto es con fines de que los involucrados expongan sus avances y así en conjunto tomar decisiones.

El control es la cereza del pastel, sin control de nada sirvieron los 3 pasos anteriores. Te recomiendo además de los checkpoints establecidos para revisar el plan y los avances, tener reuniones semanales o máximo quincenales cara a cara con tu equipo, ahí no solo pueden revisar como van con el plan, sino que también en caso de ya tener operaciones revisar los indicadores mas importantes de la empresa.

El proceso administrativo no es un proceso de una sola vez, este se puede repetir muchas veces en la misma empresa, se puede usar parar proyectos nuevos dentro de la empresa y claro para reestructurar nuestra planeación inicial.

Facilitando tu emprendimiento
Aarón Cortés

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